RESUMO
Biophilic design based on indoor planting plays an important role in human physical and mental well-being. To investigate and assess the effects of indoor planting on air quality, we sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons to compare the airborne bacterial microbiomes of three planting rooms before and after installing natural materials (plants, soil, water, etc.) with distinct biophilic attributes. Incorporation of indoor plantings significantly increased the taxonomic diversity of the airborne microbiome in each room, and we observed different microbiome compositions in each room. The proportional contribution of each bacterial source to the airborne microbiome in the indoor planting rooms was estimated by SourceTracker2. This analysis revealed that the proportion of airborne microbial sources (e.g., plants and soil) varied depending on the natural materials installed. Our results have important implications for indoor planting with biophilic design to control the indoor airborne microbiome.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Microbiota , Humanos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Microbiota/genética , Bactérias/genética , Plantas/genética , Solo , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Microbiologia do ArRESUMO
Several chemicals, such as methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (MHB), have been widely used as preservatives in the water baths of CO2 incubators used for mammalian cell culture, and they are not considered to produce any biological effects. However, no detailed analyses of the effects of these compounds on cultured cells have been reported. In this study, we thus examined whether MHB in the incubator water bath affects cell viability or genome-wide gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells under control conditions [using only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the culture medium] and under chemical-treated conditions using benzene and chloroform; conditions that simulate a cell-based toxicity assay. We found that (i) MHB significantly altered cell growth rate, and (ii) MHB affected gene expression levels related to pathways that modulate cell growth and basic molecular processes, not only under control conditions but also the chemical-treated conditions. Furthermore, Gene Ontology term analyses revealed that the effects of MHB cannot be accounted for by subtracting the gene expression pattern in the control conditions from that in the chemical-treated conditions. Thus, we suggest that the use of MHB or other preservatives in a CO2 incubator water bath is reconsidered in terms of potential confounding effects on cultured cells.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Parabenos/farmacologia , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/farmacologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura , Ontologia Genética , Camundongos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Although it is not yet possible to replace in vivo animal testing completely, the need for a more efficient method for toxicity testing, such as an in vitro cell-based assay, has been widely acknowledged. Previous studies have focused on mRNAs as biomarkers; however, recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are also efficient novel biomarkers for toxicity testing. Here, we used deep sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) to identify novel RNA biomarkers, including ncRNAs, that exhibited a substantial response to general chemical toxicity from nine chemicals, and to benzene toxicity specifically. The nine chemicals are listed in the Japan Pollutant Release and Transfer Register as class I designated chemical substances. We used undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a simplified cell-based toxicity assay. RNA-seq revealed that many mRNAs and ncRNAs responded substantially to the chemical compounds in mESCs. This finding indicates that ncRNAs can be used as novel RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Segurança Química , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/metabolismo , RNA/genética , RNA/metabolismo , Animais , Benzeno/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Ontologia Genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA não Traduzido/genética , RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/genéticaRESUMO
Because of the limitations of whole animal testing approaches for toxicological assessment, new cell-based assay systems have been widely studied. In this study, we focused on two biological products for toxicological assessment: mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). mESCs possess the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. LlncRNAs are an important class of pervasive non-protein-coding transcripts involved in the molecular mechanisms associated with responses to chemicals. We exposed mESCs to p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) for 1 or 28 days (daily dose), extracted total RNA, and performed deep sequencing analyses. The genome-wide gene expression analysis indicated that mechanisms modulating proteins occurred following acute and chronic exposures, and mechanisms modulating genomic DNA occurred following chronic exposure. Moreover, our results indicate that three novel lncRNAs (Snora41, Gm19947, and Scarna3a) in mESCs respond to p-DCB exposure. We propose that these lncRNAs have the potential to be surrogate indicators of p-DCB responses in mESCs.
